Benzodiazepines are a class of psychoactive drugs primarily used to treat anxiety, insomnia, and various other conditions. They work by enhancing the action of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the brain, resulting in sedative, anxiolytic (anxiety-reducing), anticonvulsant (against epileptic seizures), and muscle relaxant effects.

Applications

Anxiety disorders

Benzodiazepines are commonly prescribed to treat anxiety disorders, including generalised anxiety disorder (GAS), panic disorder and social anxiety disorder.

Insomnia

They are effective in treating acute insomnia and can help promote sleep.

Epilepsy and seizures

Some benzodiazepines are used as anticonvulsants to control seizures in epileptic patients.

Muscle relaxation

They can be prescribed to reduce muscle cramps and spasticity.

Alcohol withdrawal

Benzodiazepines are often used to relieve symptoms of alcohol withdrawal and prevent serious complications such as delirium tremens.